MGT 613 Idea Solution:
Maximin Approach:
Road S = 40
Road M = 55 the best
Road D = 30
Maximax Apporach:
Road S = 50
Road M = 75
Road D = 85 the best
Laplace approach:
Road S = 43.33
Road M = 63.33 the best
Road D = 56.67
Maximax regret:
The best (doubted
Between Road M & D)
Alternatives Possible Future Demands
Low
Moderate
High
Road S
40-40 = 0
40-60 = -20 50-55 = -5
Road M
55-40 = 15
60-60 = 0
75-55 = 20
Road D
30-40 = -10 55-60 = -10 85-55 = 30
Calculations
Road S = 40+40+50=130/3=43.33
Road M = 55+60+75=190/3=63.33
Road D = 30+55+85=170/3=56.67
Sunday, October 31, 2010
FIN625 Assignment # 1 Solution
Q1) Credit score is considered one of the best measures for checking the credit standing for anybody. If one has poor credit score then what measures can be taken in order to improve credit score?
There are followings measures to improve credit scores
1) Make your payments on time
2) Not borrowing against lines
3) Budget income
4) Saving money
5) Don’t cancel credit card
6) Pay off large debts
7) don’t cancel credit cards
8) Pay down debts
(Explain any 5 in above)
Q2) while granting loans to applicants, lending institutions first decides whether applicant has good credit worthiness. What factors the lending institutions must consider before sanctioning loan?
Factors that must consider before sanctioning loans are
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a) <!--[endif]-->Employment
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b) <!--[endif]-->Source Of Income
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c) <!--[endif]-->Credit History
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d) <!--[endif]-->Stability
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e) <!--[endif]-->Purpose Of Taking The Loan
<!--[if !supportLists]-->f) <!--[endif]-->Documentation
(DISCUSS THESE IN DETAIL BY URSELF)
There are followings measures to improve credit scores
1) Make your payments on time
2) Not borrowing against lines
3) Budget income
4) Saving money
5) Don’t cancel credit card
6) Pay off large debts
7) don’t cancel credit cards
8) Pay down debts
(Explain any 5 in above)
Q2) while granting loans to applicants, lending institutions first decides whether applicant has good credit worthiness. What factors the lending institutions must consider before sanctioning loan?
Factors that must consider before sanctioning loans are
<!--[if !supportLists]-->a) <!--[endif]-->Employment
<!--[if !supportLists]-->b) <!--[endif]-->Source Of Income
<!--[if !supportLists]-->c) <!--[endif]-->Credit History
<!--[if !supportLists]-->d) <!--[endif]-->Stability
<!--[if !supportLists]-->e) <!--[endif]-->Purpose Of Taking The Loan
<!--[if !supportLists]-->f) <!--[endif]-->Documentation
(DISCUSS THESE IN DETAIL BY URSELF)
BNK603 Assignment Solution # 1 Solution
Question 1: Strategic Economies don’t drive from Operational Excellence, but from the business concept itself.
Strategic Economies
Unlike operational efficiencies, Strategic Economies don’t drive from Operational Excellence, but from the business concept itself. Strategic Economic come in three varieties:
1. Scale
2. Focus
3. Scope
1. Scale
Scale can derive efficiencies in many ways through:
Better Plant Utilization
Greater Purchasing Power
The Muscle to enforce industry wide price discipline Industries revolutionaries often consolidate
fragmented industries. Any that gets caught behind the consolidation curve and misses the chance
to build Scale Advantage will be left with a notable disadvantage
2. Focus
A company with a high degree of Focus & Specialization may reap economies compared with competitors
with a more diffused Business Mission and a less coherent mix of products & services.
Focus is not about efficiency in a cost sense; it’s about in a don’t-get-distracted, get-all-the-wood-behindone-
arrow sense.
3. Scope
The idea here is almost opposite of focus. A company that can leverage resources and management talents
across a broad array of opportunities may have an efficiency advantage over firms that cannot. Scope
Economies come from sharing things across business units & countries; Brands, Facilities, Best Practices,
Scare Talent, IT Infrastructure, and so on. Scope Economies come in a variety of flavors; Channel Power &
access to distribution channels, Economies in buying ad space & running high-tech distribution centers.
Question 2 What kinds of challenges are being faced by the retail banking in Pakistan?
Challenges to Retail Banking in Pakistan
The issue of money laundering is very important in retail banking. This compels all the banks to
scrutinize diligently all the documents which they accept while entering into a relationship
Outsourcing has become significant in recent past because various core activities such as hardware
and software maintenance, entire ATM set up and operation (including cash, refilling) etc., are
being handled by outside vendors
Banks are expected to take utmost care to retain the ongoing trust of the public
Customer service should be at the end all in retail banking. Someone has rightly said, “It takes
months to find a good customer but only seconds to lose one.” Thus, strategy of Knowing Your
Customer (KYC) is important
The dependency on technology has brought IT departments’ additional responsibilities and
challenges in managing, maintaining and optimizing the performance of retail banking networks
It is equally important that banks should maintain security to the advance level to keep the faith of
the customer
The efficiency of operations would provide the competitive edge for the success in retail banking in
coming years
The customer retention is of paramount important for the profitability of retail banking business &
increase in the market share
One of the crucial impediments for the growth of this sector is the shortage of manpower talent of
this specific nature, a modern banking professional, for a modern banking sector
Strategic Economies
Unlike operational efficiencies, Strategic Economies don’t drive from Operational Excellence, but from the business concept itself. Strategic Economic come in three varieties:
1. Scale
2. Focus
3. Scope
1. Scale
Scale can derive efficiencies in many ways through:
Better Plant Utilization
Greater Purchasing Power
The Muscle to enforce industry wide price discipline Industries revolutionaries often consolidate
fragmented industries. Any that gets caught behind the consolidation curve and misses the chance
to build Scale Advantage will be left with a notable disadvantage
2. Focus
A company with a high degree of Focus & Specialization may reap economies compared with competitors
with a more diffused Business Mission and a less coherent mix of products & services.
Focus is not about efficiency in a cost sense; it’s about in a don’t-get-distracted, get-all-the-wood-behindone-
arrow sense.
3. Scope
The idea here is almost opposite of focus. A company that can leverage resources and management talents
across a broad array of opportunities may have an efficiency advantage over firms that cannot. Scope
Economies come from sharing things across business units & countries; Brands, Facilities, Best Practices,
Scare Talent, IT Infrastructure, and so on. Scope Economies come in a variety of flavors; Channel Power &
access to distribution channels, Economies in buying ad space & running high-tech distribution centers.
Question 2 What kinds of challenges are being faced by the retail banking in Pakistan?
Challenges to Retail Banking in Pakistan
The issue of money laundering is very important in retail banking. This compels all the banks to
scrutinize diligently all the documents which they accept while entering into a relationship
Outsourcing has become significant in recent past because various core activities such as hardware
and software maintenance, entire ATM set up and operation (including cash, refilling) etc., are
being handled by outside vendors
Banks are expected to take utmost care to retain the ongoing trust of the public
Customer service should be at the end all in retail banking. Someone has rightly said, “It takes
months to find a good customer but only seconds to lose one.” Thus, strategy of Knowing Your
Customer (KYC) is important
The dependency on technology has brought IT departments’ additional responsibilities and
challenges in managing, maintaining and optimizing the performance of retail banking networks
It is equally important that banks should maintain security to the advance level to keep the faith of
the customer
The efficiency of operations would provide the competitive edge for the success in retail banking in
coming years
The customer retention is of paramount important for the profitability of retail banking business &
increase in the market share
One of the crucial impediments for the growth of this sector is the shortage of manpower talent of
this specific nature, a modern banking professional, for a modern banking sector
CS610 Assignment # 1 Solution
Note:- its an guide not a solution but enough for solution
FOR question 1
Page no 28,29
For question 2
Page no 17,18
just read these four pages and your assignment is "SOLVED"
FOR question 1
Page no 28,29
For question 2
Page no 17,18
just read these four pages and your assignment is "SOLVED"
Saturday, October 30, 2010
MKT610 Assignment # 1 Solution
Assignment No. 1
Suppose you are the Customer Care Manager of an intercity Bus Service Company at Lahore. There are different ticketing counters for different cities for males and females. Your bus service is reputed with good time management and is linked among 20 well know cities through out the country. However a series of complaints are continuously coming from the female’s customer’s counter. These complaints are ridiculous for you and threatening for the positive image of your company.
Question 1:
Assess what could be the potential complaints at females customer counter.
Answer:
The complaints at female’s customer counter;
1: The communication gape.
2: The poor pressure handling.
3: Poor time management.
4: Lack of information regarding to the services offered by Bus Service Company.
5: Not familiar with the working environment.
Question 2:
Provide the solution for your mentioned complaints in Question 1.
Answer:
Solution for above mentioned complaints:
1: Bus Service Company should train their workers, from the customer care department especially for better communication skills. I mean the customer care department is all about the communication skills.
2: We need to train our employees to handle the pressure in an efficient way. So in any situation they can work properly.
3: Time management is the key to success in any organization. So we need to work on this area. Our employees should be familiar to the system. So they can manage the work load.
4: Bus Service Company should make sure that their employees have sufficient information about the projects and services offered by the company. So they can treat the customers in a proper way. I mean to say that they can better satisfy the customer.
5: Especially for the new employees, the company should arrange the trainings to give the information about the working environment. I mean to say that every system or the organization have its own way to work. So the new comers must be informed about the system or the set of rules the company is following. So we can have a better reputation in the market.
Suppose you are the Customer Care Manager of an intercity Bus Service Company at Lahore. There are different ticketing counters for different cities for males and females. Your bus service is reputed with good time management and is linked among 20 well know cities through out the country. However a series of complaints are continuously coming from the female’s customer’s counter. These complaints are ridiculous for you and threatening for the positive image of your company.
Question 1:
Assess what could be the potential complaints at females customer counter.
Answer:
The complaints at female’s customer counter;
1: The communication gape.
2: The poor pressure handling.
3: Poor time management.
4: Lack of information regarding to the services offered by Bus Service Company.
5: Not familiar with the working environment.
Question 2:
Provide the solution for your mentioned complaints in Question 1.
Answer:
Solution for above mentioned complaints:
1: Bus Service Company should train their workers, from the customer care department especially for better communication skills. I mean the customer care department is all about the communication skills.
2: We need to train our employees to handle the pressure in an efficient way. So in any situation they can work properly.
3: Time management is the key to success in any organization. So we need to work on this area. Our employees should be familiar to the system. So they can manage the work load.
4: Bus Service Company should make sure that their employees have sufficient information about the projects and services offered by the company. So they can treat the customers in a proper way. I mean to say that they can better satisfy the customer.
5: Especially for the new employees, the company should arrange the trainings to give the information about the working environment. I mean to say that every system or the organization have its own way to work. So the new comers must be informed about the system or the set of rules the company is following. So we can have a better reputation in the market.
MGT603 Assignment # 1 Solution
MGT603 Assignment No.1 Solution
QUESTION:
As you have read in your course that strengths and weaknesses are an organization's internal controllable activities that are performed especially well or poorly and opportunities and threats are the external factors. The organization either small or large has to keep an eye on the internal and external environment for keeping the pace with the changing environment.
Read the following situation and identify what you consider to be Fashion Inn’s major opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses. List these key factors under separate headings. (5 Marks for each)
Solution:-
STRENGHTS
Sound finical condition of the owner.
Decentralized decision making approach or Entrepreneurial style of management.
Good relations with politicians.
Committed managers & employees due to participative decision making approach.
Mr. Sadiq possesses a good entrepreneurial skills.
Land of the company is not rented or leased. Its owned by the Mr. Sadiq.
WEAKNESS;
Smaller size of target market.
The company has no strong brand.
Less positioning of company s' products into customer s' mind.
Lack of marketing and operational expertise’s.
Low quality of raw material.
THREATS:
Inflation
Economic downturn
Seasonal change in garments business
Adverse economic conditions resulting lower purchasing power of customers.
Competitor s' threats.
QUESTION:
As you have read in your course that strengths and weaknesses are an organization's internal controllable activities that are performed especially well or poorly and opportunities and threats are the external factors. The organization either small or large has to keep an eye on the internal and external environment for keeping the pace with the changing environment.
Read the following situation and identify what you consider to be Fashion Inn’s major opportunities, threats, strengths, and weaknesses. List these key factors under separate headings. (5 Marks for each)
Solution:-
STRENGHTS
Sound finical condition of the owner.
Decentralized decision making approach or Entrepreneurial style of management.
Good relations with politicians.
Committed managers & employees due to participative decision making approach.
Mr. Sadiq possesses a good entrepreneurial skills.
Land of the company is not rented or leased. Its owned by the Mr. Sadiq.
WEAKNESS;
Smaller size of target market.
The company has no strong brand.
Less positioning of company s' products into customer s' mind.
Lack of marketing and operational expertise’s.
Low quality of raw material.
THREATS:
Inflation
Economic downturn
Seasonal change in garments business
Adverse economic conditions resulting lower purchasing power of customers.
Competitor s' threats.
ECO403 Assignment # 1 Solution
Solution 1
Nominal GDP Real GDP GDP reflector Inflation rate
92575 92575 100 ---
94115 82355 114.3 14.3%
145800 112450 129.7 15.4%
Formulas
For calculation nominal gdp Multiply Ps & Qs from same year llike 200*140+315*205=92575
Etc etc
Asy he bqi b calculate krni ha
Or real gdp me prices 1st wali use hongi or quantities sub ki baribari lagai jaengy
Llike 200*14+315*205=92575
200*70+315*217=82355
200*200+315*230=112450
GDP Deflator = Nominal GDP /Real GDP *10
Or inflation rate 1st --, or 2nd 114.3-100=14.3%
3rd 129.7-114.3=15.4%
Solution 2
labor force = employment * unemployment
= 164.5+8= 172.5 million
number of people not in labor force= not employed= 8 million
Labor-Force Participation Rate = Labor Force/Adult Population x 100
=172.5/329.8*100 = 52.30 million
Unemployment Rate = Number of Unemployed /Labor Force*100
=8 /17505*100= 4.64 million
Nominal GDP Real GDP GDP reflector Inflation rate
92575 92575 100 ---
94115 82355 114.3 14.3%
145800 112450 129.7 15.4%
Formulas
For calculation nominal gdp Multiply Ps & Qs from same year llike 200*140+315*205=92575
Etc etc
Asy he bqi b calculate krni ha
Or real gdp me prices 1st wali use hongi or quantities sub ki baribari lagai jaengy
Llike 200*14+315*205=92575
200*70+315*217=82355
200*200+315*230=112450
GDP Deflator = Nominal GDP /Real GDP *10
Or inflation rate 1st --, or 2nd 114.3-100=14.3%
3rd 129.7-114.3=15.4%
Solution 2
labor force = employment * unemployment
= 164.5+8= 172.5 million
number of people not in labor force= not employed= 8 million
Labor-Force Participation Rate = Labor Force/Adult Population x 100
=172.5/329.8*100 = 52.30 million
Unemployment Rate = Number of Unemployed /Labor Force*100
=8 /17505*100= 4.64 million
ACC311 Assignment # 1 Solution
Acc311 Assignment # 1 Solution
Question 1:
MR. A is a newly inducted trainee student in the audit firm. He thinks that auditor should
conduct an audit with a detective approach and should look only for frauds. Principal, Mr. X
tells him that audit has to be conducted with an approach of professional skepticism. The
principal has asked you to explain the concept of professional skepticism to Mr. A. (10)
Question 2 Explain Auditor’s responsibilities with respect to confidentiality of information. (10)
Solution
professional skepticism is conducting the audit with a questioning mind and ensuring critical assessment of the audit evidence. this means that the firm should neither go into the audit thinking that the client is very honest nor thinking that he is absolutely dishonest.......
Basic principles governing an audit
SA 200 “Basic Principals Governing an Audit”, describes the basic principles which govern
the auditor’s professional responsibilities and which should be complied with wherever an
audit is carried. They are described below:
(i) Integrity objectivity and independence: An auditor should be honest, sincere,
impartial and free from bias. He should be a man of high integrity and objectivity.
(ii) Confidentiality: The auditor should respect confidentiality of information acquired
during the course of his work and should not disclose the information without the
prior permission of the client, unless there is a legal duty to disclose.
(iii) Skill and competence: The auditor must acquire adequate training and experience.
He should be competent, skillful and keep himself abreast of the latest developments
including pronouncements of ICAI on accounting and auditing matters.
(iv) Work performed by others: If the auditor delegates some work to others and uses
work performed by others including that of an expert, he continues to be responsible
for forming and expressing his opinion on the financial information.
(v) Documentation: The auditor should document matters which are important in
providing evidence to ensure that the audit was carried out in accordance with the
basic principles.
(vi) Planning: The auditor should plan his work to enable him to conduct the audit in an
effective, efficient and timely manner. He should acquire knowledge of client’s
accounting system, the extent of reliance that could be placed on internal control and
coordinate the work to be performed.
(vii) Audit evidence: The auditor should obtain sufficient appropriate evidences through
the performance of compliance and other substantive procedures to enable him to
draw reasonable conclusions to form an opinion on the financial information.
(viii) Accounting System and Internal Control: The management is responsible for
maintaining an adequate accounting system incorporating various internal controls
appropriate to the size and nature of business. He auditor should assure himself that
the accounting system is adequate and all the information which should be recorded
has been recorded. Internal control system contributes to such assurance.
(ix) Audit conclusions and reporting: On the basis of the audit evidence, he should review
and assess the audit conclusions. He should ascertain:
Question 1:
MR. A is a newly inducted trainee student in the audit firm. He thinks that auditor should
conduct an audit with a detective approach and should look only for frauds. Principal, Mr. X
tells him that audit has to be conducted with an approach of professional skepticism. The
principal has asked you to explain the concept of professional skepticism to Mr. A. (10)
Question 2 Explain Auditor’s responsibilities with respect to confidentiality of information. (10)
Solution
professional skepticism is conducting the audit with a questioning mind and ensuring critical assessment of the audit evidence. this means that the firm should neither go into the audit thinking that the client is very honest nor thinking that he is absolutely dishonest.......
Basic principles governing an audit
SA 200 “Basic Principals Governing an Audit”, describes the basic principles which govern
the auditor’s professional responsibilities and which should be complied with wherever an
audit is carried. They are described below:
(i) Integrity objectivity and independence: An auditor should be honest, sincere,
impartial and free from bias. He should be a man of high integrity and objectivity.
(ii) Confidentiality: The auditor should respect confidentiality of information acquired
during the course of his work and should not disclose the information without the
prior permission of the client, unless there is a legal duty to disclose.
(iii) Skill and competence: The auditor must acquire adequate training and experience.
He should be competent, skillful and keep himself abreast of the latest developments
including pronouncements of ICAI on accounting and auditing matters.
(iv) Work performed by others: If the auditor delegates some work to others and uses
work performed by others including that of an expert, he continues to be responsible
for forming and expressing his opinion on the financial information.
(v) Documentation: The auditor should document matters which are important in
providing evidence to ensure that the audit was carried out in accordance with the
basic principles.
(vi) Planning: The auditor should plan his work to enable him to conduct the audit in an
effective, efficient and timely manner. He should acquire knowledge of client’s
accounting system, the extent of reliance that could be placed on internal control and
coordinate the work to be performed.
(vii) Audit evidence: The auditor should obtain sufficient appropriate evidences through
the performance of compliance and other substantive procedures to enable him to
draw reasonable conclusions to form an opinion on the financial information.
(viii) Accounting System and Internal Control: The management is responsible for
maintaining an adequate accounting system incorporating various internal controls
appropriate to the size and nature of business. He auditor should assure himself that
the accounting system is adequate and all the information which should be recorded
has been recorded. Internal control system contributes to such assurance.
(ix) Audit conclusions and reporting: On the basis of the audit evidence, he should review
and assess the audit conclusions. He should ascertain:
MKT624 Assignment # 1 Solution
Q: What do you think that it is important to convert a product into a brand?
This simply means that branding is just not about wrapping a product into a nice package and selling that in a hope that I have turned a product into a brand. The brand must require special or superior value preposition, the brand must be maintained a good relationship with customers, and also changes in response to fierce competition yet meaning the same to its loyal customers.
The customer must feel that they have full value of their money spending in terms of quality; the value has to be more than the generic product. The customer can get feel satisfaction from the products. Thus a good brand must create a good value for the company or the organization. Therefore, a brand creation is the end product of a team of professionals, nor just a single person effort it is a team effort.
The firm or the organization need to do consistent hard work to give meaning to the product to turn into a brand. The brand must represent the quality and the satisfaction of the customers. a brand represents itself in the differentiated form and features for the customers to acknowledged without differentiation a product does not qualify to be acknowledged .as a brand of the product can occupy an intended position in the customers mind than the product can convert into a brand .competition creates challenges for the brand management tools the team of professionals can face the challenges and live up to those by responding professionally. Brands go through the rough and timbre of market dynamics.
A perpetual effort is required to sustain it in the market. a good brand works as a good future sales good future earning and a source of good future demand and lasting attractiveness for the company , it also shows a strong entry barriers to competition. It also carries its value in the local market as well as in the international market a good brand must offers economies of scale in advertising, and promotions. Brands must be managed keeping in view their value for the consumer and for the company
Q 02: State five of your brands and discuss why they are so dear to you?
brands must maintain its quality and satisfaction of customers in their mind. It is not a single person creation it is an effort of team of professionals
01. ST MICHEAL: It is a firm or organization can create good quality products for the valued customers. It has a local and international market. It creates shirts, trousers, socks, sweaters and so on. For their customers. The company can create a good image on the customers mind. The company can make its products according to its customer’s needs. In 2006 I was in USA, I bought the trouser from the store of the ST Michael‘s store. After a couple of days I thought it is not so good enough, I was go there ask to the reception officer if there is any possibility I want to change the trouser with the new design and new style trousers. He asks me you go and change as you want. I was very pleased to him and thanks to him. That’s the company policy can create a good image in my mind I give him a price differentiation money and says thanks to him. That’s the tool through which the company can create a good satisfaction in the customer’s mind and also the customers can want to buy in the future.
02. SONY: It is a firm which can produce mobiles phones, television, LCD, monitors, stereo systems etc. it captures its local market as well as its international market. it creates a good quality product which can use after its warranty expires. It has created a brand name in its customer’s mind. After a product is purchased by the customer the company can provide its free spare parts warranty in the limited period.
The company can create its product according to the customer’s need. That the customer can easily afford to buy it. The firm or the company can create lots of difference in their product among competitors. The person or the customer of electronic product he must first prefer to buy a Sony product that is a good and long life product. The company can also introduce a new technology in their products. That the customer can want to buy it. Some customers have special attention to the new technology products and it prefer to buy it as soon as possible.
03. HONDA: it is that firm or company which produces a vehicles or cars for its customers. The company can differ in styles, quality products, luxurious and lifelong in their products among competitors. it can create an image on the customer’s mind. Company can create or turn its products into a brand and thus now he has generated a good cash flow, good future revenue for it. As time passed it introduces new technology in their vehicles manufactured so that the valued customers can want to buy it. The company can produce a product that can be durable, long life and good quality products.
04. IBM: IBM is a firm which can produce computer systems, LCD’s, keyboard, and other applications of the computer systems. it produces a short body system which have a greater speed of there applications. There products must be long life and there products might be working in extreme cold and hot conditions or climate. The system user can already know its durability and quality of the IBM it produces its products in all sizes, different designs which can show the company’s image. The spare parts of the system can be easily in local market as well as in international markets.
05. NOKIA: it is multinational company. It produces mobiles phones and there accessories of mobile phones for their customers. It produces a good quality and long life mobile phones. The new and old customers can know its performance and durability so that’s why the every customer can want to purchase according to its range. The company can introduce a new technology features in its products. The company can create its products in different sizes, styles, and designs which the customer wants. NOKIA can create its huge market in he whole world. Its competitors cannot compete in mobiles phones applications. The customer first preference is to buy a new good looking product. It also give its body parts and other accessories of the mobile phone in the market. The price of the product can also attract the customer itself.
This simply means that branding is just not about wrapping a product into a nice package and selling that in a hope that I have turned a product into a brand. The brand must require special or superior value preposition, the brand must be maintained a good relationship with customers, and also changes in response to fierce competition yet meaning the same to its loyal customers.
The customer must feel that they have full value of their money spending in terms of quality; the value has to be more than the generic product. The customer can get feel satisfaction from the products. Thus a good brand must create a good value for the company or the organization. Therefore, a brand creation is the end product of a team of professionals, nor just a single person effort it is a team effort.
The firm or the organization need to do consistent hard work to give meaning to the product to turn into a brand. The brand must represent the quality and the satisfaction of the customers. a brand represents itself in the differentiated form and features for the customers to acknowledged without differentiation a product does not qualify to be acknowledged .as a brand of the product can occupy an intended position in the customers mind than the product can convert into a brand .competition creates challenges for the brand management tools the team of professionals can face the challenges and live up to those by responding professionally. Brands go through the rough and timbre of market dynamics.
A perpetual effort is required to sustain it in the market. a good brand works as a good future sales good future earning and a source of good future demand and lasting attractiveness for the company , it also shows a strong entry barriers to competition. It also carries its value in the local market as well as in the international market a good brand must offers economies of scale in advertising, and promotions. Brands must be managed keeping in view their value for the consumer and for the company
Q 02: State five of your brands and discuss why they are so dear to you?
brands must maintain its quality and satisfaction of customers in their mind. It is not a single person creation it is an effort of team of professionals
01. ST MICHEAL: It is a firm or organization can create good quality products for the valued customers. It has a local and international market. It creates shirts, trousers, socks, sweaters and so on. For their customers. The company can create a good image on the customers mind. The company can make its products according to its customer’s needs. In 2006 I was in USA, I bought the trouser from the store of the ST Michael‘s store. After a couple of days I thought it is not so good enough, I was go there ask to the reception officer if there is any possibility I want to change the trouser with the new design and new style trousers. He asks me you go and change as you want. I was very pleased to him and thanks to him. That’s the company policy can create a good image in my mind I give him a price differentiation money and says thanks to him. That’s the tool through which the company can create a good satisfaction in the customer’s mind and also the customers can want to buy in the future.
02. SONY: It is a firm which can produce mobiles phones, television, LCD, monitors, stereo systems etc. it captures its local market as well as its international market. it creates a good quality product which can use after its warranty expires. It has created a brand name in its customer’s mind. After a product is purchased by the customer the company can provide its free spare parts warranty in the limited period.
The company can create its product according to the customer’s need. That the customer can easily afford to buy it. The firm or the company can create lots of difference in their product among competitors. The person or the customer of electronic product he must first prefer to buy a Sony product that is a good and long life product. The company can also introduce a new technology in their products. That the customer can want to buy it. Some customers have special attention to the new technology products and it prefer to buy it as soon as possible.
03. HONDA: it is that firm or company which produces a vehicles or cars for its customers. The company can differ in styles, quality products, luxurious and lifelong in their products among competitors. it can create an image on the customer’s mind. Company can create or turn its products into a brand and thus now he has generated a good cash flow, good future revenue for it. As time passed it introduces new technology in their vehicles manufactured so that the valued customers can want to buy it. The company can produce a product that can be durable, long life and good quality products.
04. IBM: IBM is a firm which can produce computer systems, LCD’s, keyboard, and other applications of the computer systems. it produces a short body system which have a greater speed of there applications. There products must be long life and there products might be working in extreme cold and hot conditions or climate. The system user can already know its durability and quality of the IBM it produces its products in all sizes, different designs which can show the company’s image. The spare parts of the system can be easily in local market as well as in international markets.
05. NOKIA: it is multinational company. It produces mobiles phones and there accessories of mobile phones for their customers. It produces a good quality and long life mobile phones. The new and old customers can know its performance and durability so that’s why the every customer can want to purchase according to its range. The company can introduce a new technology features in its products. The company can create its products in different sizes, styles, and designs which the customer wants. NOKIA can create its huge market in he whole world. Its competitors cannot compete in mobiles phones applications. The customer first preference is to buy a new good looking product. It also give its body parts and other accessories of the mobile phone in the market. The price of the product can also attract the customer itself.
Friday, October 29, 2010
MTH302 Assignment # 1 Solution
MTH302 Assignment # 1 Solution
Solution:
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MGMT625 Assignment # 1 Solution
MGMT625 Assignment # 1 Solution
Solution:
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HRM624 GDB # 1 Solution
HRM624 GDB No. 1 Announced (solution)
Sections 102-106 of the Local Government Ordinance, 2001
This section included in the constitution to help people to get their dispute resolved at small levels. For example divorce case can be resolved at the ‘Nazim’ or even counselor level of the town. This makes people’s life more comfortable and now so many cases of this nature can be resolved at this lower level. Do you think that this law really helps people in resolving issues and reduces the number of cases pending in the courts?
Answer:
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Sections 102-106 of the Local Government Ordinance, 2001
This section included in the constitution to help people to get their dispute resolved at small levels. For example divorce case can be resolved at the ‘Nazim’ or even counselor level of the town. This makes people’s life more comfortable and now so many cases of this nature can be resolved at this lower level. Do you think that this law really helps people in resolving issues and reduces the number of cases pending in the courts?
Answer:
Download the Link: File name: HRM624 GDB # 1 Solution.doc
File size:29.00 KB
MGT501 Assignmnet # 1 Solution
“Human Resource Management (Mgt501)” Assignment No. 1 Marks: 15
“HRM in changing environment”
ASSIGNMENT QUESTION
With the evolution of the study of HRM, it is no more mere an academic discipline rather an important factor of organizational success in the practical field. Today HRM needs to sense, respond and deal with all the issues of the organization at different levels and prove its worth. As per the above mentioned paragraph, what could be the different fronts, both internal and external, HRM has to struggle at?
The answer of assignment should not exceed 700 words.
Solution:
With the evolution of the study of HRM, it is no more mere an academic discipline rather an important factor of organizational success in the practical field. Today HRM needs to sense, respond and deal with all the issues of the organization at different levels and prove its worth. As per the above mentioned paragraph, what could be the different fronts, both internal and external, HRM has to struggle at?
The conditions of the competitive global business environment resulted to diverse problems that affect the overall stature of an organization. In the recent years, conflict within the organization is among the most common problems that every management personnel are dealing. Any industry – profit- or non-profit-based, is not exempted and has been singled out as prevalent areas where dispute is popular. Since any industry has a potential in contributing sustainable development in every given economy, there is a need to maintain the most favorable working environment that is free from any conflict. Managers and other personnel need guidance to help them reduce the impact associated with disputes in both management and operating functions. This is done through various conflict resolution systems.
Conflict resolution is important because of the fact that conflict is unavoidable. Conflict is inevitable in every organization because the business environment, both external and internal, experience changes constantly.
External fronts
For instance, the rapid development of technology makes other approaches obsolete, as more and more companies accept the change, affecting the standards in business processes. When business processes are affected and an organization is forced to change its ways, the problem with human factors would then take place.
Internal fronts
Staff and employees are not passive individuals, but rather show reactions to such changes. Change affects many working processes that might have a direct or indirect impact on an employee. The impact might affect the way they work or might determine their attitude in adapting with the changes that took place. Furthermore, most likely there will also be problems on the capabilities of the employees to adapt with the change
For example, the implementation of new information systems or any technology requires the knowledge of the employees to operate. If the employees are unfamiliar or lack the trainings needed, the pace of change will slow and implementation would most likely fail.
“HRM in changing environment”
ASSIGNMENT QUESTION
With the evolution of the study of HRM, it is no more mere an academic discipline rather an important factor of organizational success in the practical field. Today HRM needs to sense, respond and deal with all the issues of the organization at different levels and prove its worth. As per the above mentioned paragraph, what could be the different fronts, both internal and external, HRM has to struggle at?
The answer of assignment should not exceed 700 words.
Solution:
With the evolution of the study of HRM, it is no more mere an academic discipline rather an important factor of organizational success in the practical field. Today HRM needs to sense, respond and deal with all the issues of the organization at different levels and prove its worth. As per the above mentioned paragraph, what could be the different fronts, both internal and external, HRM has to struggle at?
The conditions of the competitive global business environment resulted to diverse problems that affect the overall stature of an organization. In the recent years, conflict within the organization is among the most common problems that every management personnel are dealing. Any industry – profit- or non-profit-based, is not exempted and has been singled out as prevalent areas where dispute is popular. Since any industry has a potential in contributing sustainable development in every given economy, there is a need to maintain the most favorable working environment that is free from any conflict. Managers and other personnel need guidance to help them reduce the impact associated with disputes in both management and operating functions. This is done through various conflict resolution systems.
Conflict resolution is important because of the fact that conflict is unavoidable. Conflict is inevitable in every organization because the business environment, both external and internal, experience changes constantly.
External fronts
For instance, the rapid development of technology makes other approaches obsolete, as more and more companies accept the change, affecting the standards in business processes. When business processes are affected and an organization is forced to change its ways, the problem with human factors would then take place.
Internal fronts
Staff and employees are not passive individuals, but rather show reactions to such changes. Change affects many working processes that might have a direct or indirect impact on an employee. The impact might affect the way they work or might determine their attitude in adapting with the changes that took place. Furthermore, most likely there will also be problems on the capabilities of the employees to adapt with the change
For example, the implementation of new information systems or any technology requires the knowledge of the employees to operate. If the employees are unfamiliar or lack the trainings needed, the pace of change will slow and implementation would most likely fail.
MGMT623 Assignment # 1 Solution
MGMT623 assignment #1 Solution
Q1. How initiating structure, relates to planning, organizing and controlling? Give your opinion.
Solution:
Initiating Structure:-
According to Ohio state Leadership studies initiating structure of Behaviors is that the leader is task oriented and direct to subordinates for specific action.
In initiating structure behaviors the subordinates would not know what is expected, how to coordinate their work with others, or how their work relates to any group or organizational goals. This leads to frustration among workers and ultimately influences their productivity with proper Planning, then organizing the specific work and all resources to specific mission or action how to do. He manages the materials and facilities information resources by performing administrative activities to maintaining quality and uses personnel decision making and the controlling all this process. Without relation of POLCA function the initiating structure is neutral.
Q2 how would initiating structure help a manager do an effective job of re-engineering?
Solution:
Initiating structure helps the manager in job of reengineering:
In initiating structure of behaviors manager has to define the goal to achieve it. He defines and organizes his role and the roles of followers, is oriented toward goal attainment, and establishes well-defined patterns and channels of communication then he planes a strategy and finally selected decision is made to follow up. When he comes to organize the resources for the specific function he finds maximum of things in already structured form... He gets with low input high or very high out put.
When first time he does this job then he let group members know what is expected of them. Then he encourages the use of uniform procedures and full offer to the followers to try out ideas in the group. Decides that what shall be done and how it shall be done by assigning group members to particular tasks and Makes sure that his/her part in the group is understood by group members.
He makes Schedule of work to be done by standards of performance and ask the members to follow the rules and regulation.
So initiating structure of behaviors manager helps much more in process of reengineering.
Q1. How initiating structure, relates to planning, organizing and controlling? Give your opinion.
Solution:
Initiating Structure:-
According to Ohio state Leadership studies initiating structure of Behaviors is that the leader is task oriented and direct to subordinates for specific action.
In initiating structure behaviors the subordinates would not know what is expected, how to coordinate their work with others, or how their work relates to any group or organizational goals. This leads to frustration among workers and ultimately influences their productivity with proper Planning, then organizing the specific work and all resources to specific mission or action how to do. He manages the materials and facilities information resources by performing administrative activities to maintaining quality and uses personnel decision making and the controlling all this process. Without relation of POLCA function the initiating structure is neutral.
Q2 how would initiating structure help a manager do an effective job of re-engineering?
Solution:
Initiating structure helps the manager in job of reengineering:
In initiating structure of behaviors manager has to define the goal to achieve it. He defines and organizes his role and the roles of followers, is oriented toward goal attainment, and establishes well-defined patterns and channels of communication then he planes a strategy and finally selected decision is made to follow up. When he comes to organize the resources for the specific function he finds maximum of things in already structured form... He gets with low input high or very high out put.
When first time he does this job then he let group members know what is expected of them. Then he encourages the use of uniform procedures and full offer to the followers to try out ideas in the group. Decides that what shall be done and how it shall be done by assigning group members to particular tasks and Makes sure that his/her part in the group is understood by group members.
He makes Schedule of work to be done by standards of performance and ask the members to follow the rules and regulation.
So initiating structure of behaviors manager helps much more in process of reengineering.
MGT503 Assignment # 1 Solution
Semester “Fall 2010”
“Principles of Management (MGT503)”
Assignment No. 1 Marks:15
“Mathematical Modeling in Management”
Q1) Can mathematical modeling or quantitative techniques help the manager to solve the problem of work assignment? Rationally support your argument. 15 Marks
Solution:
“Principles of Management (MGT503)”
Assignment No. 1 Marks:15
“Mathematical Modeling in Management”
Q1) Can mathematical modeling or quantitative techniques help the manager to solve the problem of work assignment? Rationally support your argument. 15 Marks
Solution:
Thursday, October 28, 2010
MGT201 Assignment # 1 Solution
Financial Management MGT201
Assignment 1
ABC Corporation, a maker of electronics equipments, is considering selling the rights to market its products to a well_known advertising firm.
The proposed deal calls for annual year end payments of Rs.15,000 in years 1 through 7 and
payments of Rs.30,000 and Rs.25,000 at the end of 8th and 9th year respectively . A final payment of Rs. 10,000 would be due at the end of year 10.
1. If ABC Corporation applies a required rate of return of 12% to them, what is the present value of this series of payments?
Solution:
Year Cash Flows Present Value of Cash Flows
PV = FV / (1+i)^n
1 15,000 13,392.86
2 15,000 11,957.91
3 15,000 10,676.70
4 15,000 9,532.77
5 15,000 8,511.40
6 15,000 7,599.47
7 15,000 6,785.24
8 30,000 12,116.50
9 25,000 9,015.25
10 10,000 3,219.73
Present Value of series of payments 92,807.83
2. A second company has offered ABC Corporation a payment of Rs.30,000 now and
another final payment of Rs.80,000 at the end of year 3 for the rights to market the
products. Which offer should ABC Corporation accept?
Year Cash Flows Present Value of Cash Flows
PV = FV / (1+i)^n
1 30,000 30,000.00 (As this payment was
made immediately, therefore
carries no interest)
3 80,000 56,942.42
Present Value of series of payments 86,942.42
ABC corporation must accept the proposal whose Present Value of Series of Payment is higher
i.e. 92,807.83
Assignment 1
ABC Corporation, a maker of electronics equipments, is considering selling the rights to market its products to a well_known advertising firm.
The proposed deal calls for annual year end payments of Rs.15,000 in years 1 through 7 and
payments of Rs.30,000 and Rs.25,000 at the end of 8th and 9th year respectively . A final payment of Rs. 10,000 would be due at the end of year 10.
1. If ABC Corporation applies a required rate of return of 12% to them, what is the present value of this series of payments?
Solution:
Year Cash Flows Present Value of Cash Flows
PV = FV / (1+i)^n
1 15,000 13,392.86
2 15,000 11,957.91
3 15,000 10,676.70
4 15,000 9,532.77
5 15,000 8,511.40
6 15,000 7,599.47
7 15,000 6,785.24
8 30,000 12,116.50
9 25,000 9,015.25
10 10,000 3,219.73
Present Value of series of payments 92,807.83
2. A second company has offered ABC Corporation a payment of Rs.30,000 now and
another final payment of Rs.80,000 at the end of year 3 for the rights to market the
products. Which offer should ABC Corporation accept?
Year Cash Flows Present Value of Cash Flows
PV = FV / (1+i)^n
1 30,000 30,000.00 (As this payment was
made immediately, therefore
carries no interest)
3 80,000 56,942.42
Present Value of series of payments 86,942.42
ABC corporation must accept the proposal whose Present Value of Series of Payment is higher
i.e. 92,807.83
MGT301 Assignment # 1 Solution
Solution:
a) Define Customer Relationship Management (CRM) & its purpose? (2+3)
Customer Relationship Management
“The ability of an entire organization to effectively identify, acquires, foster and retain loyal profitable customers.”
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) boiling down to one simple concept: loyal, profitable customers. Loyal because we know that longtime customers tend to buy more and are easier, and subsequently more cost effective, to sell new products to than trying to acquire new customers
Profitable because this is what makes or breaks us as a business.
Purpose of CRM
The purpose of CRM is improved proximity to clients to respond to their needs and turn them into loyal customers. A CRM project therefore includes providing each sector of the company with access to the information system to get to know the client better and provide him with products and services which meet his expectations in the best possible way.
b) Elaborate your answer with the help of example? (5)
The organization and the customers both have sets of conditions to consider when building the relationship, such as wants and needs of both parties;
• organizations need to make a profit to survive and grow
• customers want good service, a quality product and an acceptable price
Mortgage brokers have a special type of business, a business that needs specific CRM software capabilities. One of the major parts of mortgage broking is client relationships. Not only does the client need to feel confident in your abilities as a broker, but it's also important for your business that the client enjoys the experience so that they will refer you future business.
c) Why CRM is different from traditional marketing? (5)
From the marketing perspective, traditional marketing builds category need, awareness of the product (through recall & recognition), a positive attitude (through developing knowledge of the product & liking it) and intention to buy (through consideration of the product and preferring it). Hopefully, a sale occurs at this point. Relationship marketing takes over after the sale for existing customers by stimulating the intention to buy and sometimes after the sale through post-purchase reinforcement. In other words, you should use traditional marketing to recruit new customers and relationship marketing to maintain the relationship with them once you brought them in.
a) Define Customer Relationship Management (CRM) & its purpose? (2+3)
Customer Relationship Management
“The ability of an entire organization to effectively identify, acquires, foster and retain loyal profitable customers.”
Customer Relationship Management (CRM) boiling down to one simple concept: loyal, profitable customers. Loyal because we know that longtime customers tend to buy more and are easier, and subsequently more cost effective, to sell new products to than trying to acquire new customers
Profitable because this is what makes or breaks us as a business.
Purpose of CRM
The purpose of CRM is improved proximity to clients to respond to their needs and turn them into loyal customers. A CRM project therefore includes providing each sector of the company with access to the information system to get to know the client better and provide him with products and services which meet his expectations in the best possible way.
b) Elaborate your answer with the help of example? (5)
The organization and the customers both have sets of conditions to consider when building the relationship, such as wants and needs of both parties;
• organizations need to make a profit to survive and grow
• customers want good service, a quality product and an acceptable price
Mortgage brokers have a special type of business, a business that needs specific CRM software capabilities. One of the major parts of mortgage broking is client relationships. Not only does the client need to feel confident in your abilities as a broker, but it's also important for your business that the client enjoys the experience so that they will refer you future business.
c) Why CRM is different from traditional marketing? (5)
From the marketing perspective, traditional marketing builds category need, awareness of the product (through recall & recognition), a positive attitude (through developing knowledge of the product & liking it) and intention to buy (through consideration of the product and preferring it). Hopefully, a sale occurs at this point. Relationship marketing takes over after the sale for existing customers by stimulating the intention to buy and sometimes after the sale through post-purchase reinforcement. In other words, you should use traditional marketing to recruit new customers and relationship marketing to maintain the relationship with them once you brought them in.
ENG101 Assignment # 1 Solution
Ans 1: Topic: Childhood - a gauge of one's future (or something along these lines).
Ans 2: Main Idea: The influences gained and traits developed during one's childhood are deciding factors of one's personality growth and future.
Healthy influences include a nurturing environment for the development of body, mind and soul of a child, thorough character building lessons, positive examples in a child's immediate atmosphere and other facilities of this sort which can enhance a child's personality, character and help him grow up as a well-grounded adult, free of any inherited ethical or moral weaknesses.
Q2: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of words. (5)
1. The child spoke ___________ about her trip to Disney land.
a) Energetically
b) Energy
c) Energize
d) Energetic
2. My class ___________ told me that I should study chemistry.
a) Advisable
b) Advise
c) Advice
d) Advisor
3. The student asked if he could have an __________ on his paper.
a) Extent
b) Extend
c) Extension
d) Extensive
4. I like _____________children books.
a) Illustrator
b) Illustration
c) Illustrate
d) Illustrated
5. The criminal had a very ___________ scar on his face.
a) Noticeable
b) Noticed
c) Notice
d) Noticeably
Ans 2: Main Idea: The influences gained and traits developed during one's childhood are deciding factors of one's personality growth and future.
Healthy influences include a nurturing environment for the development of body, mind and soul of a child, thorough character building lessons, positive examples in a child's immediate atmosphere and other facilities of this sort which can enhance a child's personality, character and help him grow up as a well-grounded adult, free of any inherited ethical or moral weaknesses.
Q2: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of words. (5)
1. The child spoke ___________ about her trip to Disney land.
a) Energetically
b) Energy
c) Energize
d) Energetic
2. My class ___________ told me that I should study chemistry.
a) Advisable
b) Advise
c) Advice
d) Advisor
3. The student asked if he could have an __________ on his paper.
a) Extent
b) Extend
c) Extension
d) Extensive
4. I like _____________children books.
a) Illustrator
b) Illustration
c) Illustrate
d) Illustrated
5. The criminal had a very ___________ scar on his face.
a) Noticeable
b) Noticed
c) Notice
d) Noticeably
Wednesday, October 27, 2010
FIN622 Assignment # 1 Solution
Assignment No. 1 Marks: 20
ABC corporation stock is selling for Rs. 150 per share according to Karachi stock exchange market summary. A rumor about the company has been heard that the firm will make an exciting new product announcement next week. By studying the industry, it is being concluded that this new product will support a growth rate of 20% in dividend for two years. After that it is expected that the growth rate in dividend will decline to 6% and remains same onwards. The firm currently pays an annual dividend of Rs. 4.
The rate of return on stocks like ABC corporation is 10%.
Required:
I. Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3 (8 Marks)
II. What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2? (4 Marks)
III. What will be the present value (P0) of stock? (6 Marks)
IV. Should we buy stocks of ABC Corporation at Rs. 150? (2 Marks)
solution:
Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3
D1= 4 (1+0.2) =4.8
D2= 4.8 (1+0.2) =5.76
D3=5.76 (1+0.05) =6.11
What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2?
P2= 5.76 (1+0.2)/ .1-0.05
P2=138.24
What will be the present value (P0) of stock?
PO= 4.8/(1+.1)1 + 5.76/(1+.1)2 + 6.11/(1+.1)3 + 128.31/(1.1)3
= 110
Should we buy stocks of ABC Corporation at Rs. 150
As the present value of the stock is less then the current selling price so the stock
should not be purchased
ABC corporation stock is selling for Rs. 150 per share according to Karachi stock exchange market summary. A rumor about the company has been heard that the firm will make an exciting new product announcement next week. By studying the industry, it is being concluded that this new product will support a growth rate of 20% in dividend for two years. After that it is expected that the growth rate in dividend will decline to 6% and remains same onwards. The firm currently pays an annual dividend of Rs. 4.
The rate of return on stocks like ABC corporation is 10%.
Required:
I. Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3 (8 Marks)
II. What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2? (4 Marks)
III. What will be the present value (P0) of stock? (6 Marks)
IV. Should we buy stocks of ABC Corporation at Rs. 150? (2 Marks)
solution:
Find out the values for D1, D2 and D3
D1= 4 (1+0.2) =4.8
D2= 4.8 (1+0.2) =5.76
D3=5.76 (1+0.05) =6.11
What will be the price of stock (P2) at the end of year 2?
P2= 5.76 (1+0.2)/ .1-0.05
P2=138.24
What will be the present value (P0) of stock?
PO= 4.8/(1+.1)1 + 5.76/(1+.1)2 + 6.11/(1+.1)3 + 128.31/(1.1)3
= 110
Should we buy stocks of ABC Corporation at Rs. 150
As the present value of the stock is less then the current selling price so the stock
should not be purchased
ISL201 Assignment # 1 Solution
The Doctrine of Tauheed “Oneness of Allah” is the very basic dogma of Islam. It means belief in oneness of Allah as He is the solitary Creator of the whole universe, everything belongs to Allah, that there is no one but Allah, no one like Him, or opposite Him, or equal to Him. You have to describe in detail how this doctrine of Tauheed “Oneness of Allah” effects on human life?
Solution:-
When an individual pronounces the testimony: "Ash-hadu allaa ilaaha illallaah wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadar- Rasullullaah" (I testify that there is no god worthy of worship except Allaah and I testify that Muhammad is His Messenger), believing in it and acting upon it, he experiences a noticeable change in his life. By understanding who his Lord is as well as the purpose of his creation, he will be able to achieve success in this life and the next. This success emanates from the following points:
1- A believer in this testimony can never be narrow in outlook. He believes in Allaah, Who is the Creator of the heavens and the earth, the Master of the universe and its Sustainer. After this belief, he does not regard anything in the world as a stranger to himself. He looks on everything in the universe as belonging to the same Lord he himself belongs to. Allaah Almighty Says (what means): "Say (O Muhammad): 'To whom belongs all that is in the heavens and on earth?' Say: 'To Allaah.'" [Quran 6:12]
His sympathy, love and service are not confined to any particular sphere or group. His vision is broadened, his intellectual horizon widens, and his outlook becomes as liberal and as boundless as is the Kingdom of Allaah. How can this width of vision and breadth of mind be achieved by an atheist, a polytheist or one who believes in a deity supposed to possess limited and defective powers like a man?
2- This belief produces in man the highest degree of self-respect and self esteem. The believer knows that Allaah Alone is the Possessor of all power, and that none besides Him can benefit or harm a person, or provide for his needs, or give and take away life or wield authority or influence. This conviction makes him indifferent to, independent on, and fearless of all powers other than those of Allaah. He never bows his head in homage to any of Allaah's creatures, nor does he stretch out his hand before anyone else. He is not overawed by anybody's greatness. This attitude of mind cannot be produced by any other belief.
3- Along with self-respect, this belief also generates in man a sense of modesty and humbleness. It makes him unostentatious and unpretending. A believer never becomes proud, haughty or arrogant. The boisterous pride of power, wealth and worth can have no room in his heart, because he knows that whatever he possesses has been given to him by Allaah, and that Allaah can take away just as He can give. In contrast to this, an unbeliever, when he achieves some worldly merit, becomes proud and conceited because he believes that his merit is due to his own worth. In the same way, pride and self-conceit are a necessary outcomes and concomitants of 'Shirk' (association of others with Allaah in worship), because a polytheist believes that he has a particular relation with deities, which does not exist between them and other people.
4- This belief makes man virtuous and upright. He has the conviction that there is no other means of success and salvation for him except purity of soul and righteousness of behavior. He has perfect faith in Allaah Who is Above all needs, is related to none and is absolutely Just. This belief creates in him the consciousness that unless he lives rightly and acts justly, he cannot succeed. No influence or underhand activity can save him from ruin.
As to those who do not believe that there is any Being having power over them, to whom they should be responsible for their good or bad actions; therefore, they consider themselves independent to act in whatever way they like. Their own fancies become their gods and they live like slaves of their wishes and desires. Allaah states in the Quran (what means): "Have you seen he who has taken as his god his [own] desire, and Allaah, knowing (him as such), left him astray, and has set a seal upon his hearing and his heart, and put over his vision a veil? So who will guide him after Allaah? Will you not then remember?" [Quran 45:23]
5- The believer never becomes despondent. He has a firm faith in Allaah Who is The Master of all the treasures of the earth and the heavens, Whose grace and bounty have no limit and Whose power is infinite. This faith imparts to his heart extraordinary consolation, fills it with satisfaction and keeps it filled with hope. Although he may be met with rejection from all sides in this world, faith in and dependence on Allaah never leave him, and on that strength he goes on struggling. Such profound confidence can result from no other belief than belief in Allaah Alone.
Atheists have small hearts; in the sense that they depend on limited abilities; therefore, in times of trouble they are soon overwhelmed by despair and, frequently, they commit suicide.
The testimony of Prof. Joad is also very explicit on this point. He writes about the West: "For the first time in history there is coming to maturity a generation of men and women who have no religion, and feel no need for one. They are content to ignore it. Also they are very unhappy, and the suicide rate is abnormally high." [C. E. M. Joad. The Present and Future of Religion, quoted by Sir Arnold Lunn., And Yet So New, London, 1958, p. 228]
As to the world of Islam, let the views of a non-Muslim historian, not in any way being sympathetic to Islam, be read with profit:
"In this uncompromising monotheism, with its simple and enthusiastic faith in the supreme rule of a transcendent being, lies the chief strength of Islam. Its adherents enjoy a consciousness of contentment and resignation unknown among followers of most creeds." [Suicide Is Rare in Muslim Lands] (Phillip K. Hitti, History of the Arabs, 1951, p.129)
6- This testimony of faith inspires bravery in man. There are two things which make a man cowardly: (a) fear of death and love of safety, and (b) the idea that there is someone else besides Allaah who can take away life, and that man- by adopting certain devices- can ward off death. Belief in 'Laa ilaaha illallaah'' blocks and drives away both these ideas. The first idea goes out of his mind because he knows that his life and his property and everything else really belong to Allaah, and he becomes ready to sacrifice his all for the pleasure of Allaah. He gets rid of the second idea because he knows that no weapon, no man or animal has the power of taking away his life; Allaah alone has the power to do so. A time has been ordained for him, and all the forces of the world combined cannot take away anyone's life before that time.
It is for this reason that no one is braver than the one who has faith in Allaah. Nothing can daunt him: not even the strongest tempest of adversity and the mightiest of armies.
7- The belief in 'Laa ilaaha illallaah' creates an attitude of peace and contentment, purges the mind of jealousy, envy and greed, and keeps away the temptations of resorting to base and unfair means for achieving success. The believer understands that wealth is in Allaah's hands, and He apportions it out as He Wills; that honor, power, reputation and authority - everything - is also subjected to His Will, and He bestows them as He Wills; and that man's duty is only to endeavor and to struggle fairly.
Solution:-
When an individual pronounces the testimony: "Ash-hadu allaa ilaaha illallaah wa ash-hadu anna Muhammadar- Rasullullaah" (I testify that there is no god worthy of worship except Allaah and I testify that Muhammad is His Messenger), believing in it and acting upon it, he experiences a noticeable change in his life. By understanding who his Lord is as well as the purpose of his creation, he will be able to achieve success in this life and the next. This success emanates from the following points:
1- A believer in this testimony can never be narrow in outlook. He believes in Allaah, Who is the Creator of the heavens and the earth, the Master of the universe and its Sustainer. After this belief, he does not regard anything in the world as a stranger to himself. He looks on everything in the universe as belonging to the same Lord he himself belongs to. Allaah Almighty Says (what means): "Say (O Muhammad): 'To whom belongs all that is in the heavens and on earth?' Say: 'To Allaah.'" [Quran 6:12]
His sympathy, love and service are not confined to any particular sphere or group. His vision is broadened, his intellectual horizon widens, and his outlook becomes as liberal and as boundless as is the Kingdom of Allaah. How can this width of vision and breadth of mind be achieved by an atheist, a polytheist or one who believes in a deity supposed to possess limited and defective powers like a man?
2- This belief produces in man the highest degree of self-respect and self esteem. The believer knows that Allaah Alone is the Possessor of all power, and that none besides Him can benefit or harm a person, or provide for his needs, or give and take away life or wield authority or influence. This conviction makes him indifferent to, independent on, and fearless of all powers other than those of Allaah. He never bows his head in homage to any of Allaah's creatures, nor does he stretch out his hand before anyone else. He is not overawed by anybody's greatness. This attitude of mind cannot be produced by any other belief.
3- Along with self-respect, this belief also generates in man a sense of modesty and humbleness. It makes him unostentatious and unpretending. A believer never becomes proud, haughty or arrogant. The boisterous pride of power, wealth and worth can have no room in his heart, because he knows that whatever he possesses has been given to him by Allaah, and that Allaah can take away just as He can give. In contrast to this, an unbeliever, when he achieves some worldly merit, becomes proud and conceited because he believes that his merit is due to his own worth. In the same way, pride and self-conceit are a necessary outcomes and concomitants of 'Shirk' (association of others with Allaah in worship), because a polytheist believes that he has a particular relation with deities, which does not exist between them and other people.
4- This belief makes man virtuous and upright. He has the conviction that there is no other means of success and salvation for him except purity of soul and righteousness of behavior. He has perfect faith in Allaah Who is Above all needs, is related to none and is absolutely Just. This belief creates in him the consciousness that unless he lives rightly and acts justly, he cannot succeed. No influence or underhand activity can save him from ruin.
As to those who do not believe that there is any Being having power over them, to whom they should be responsible for their good or bad actions; therefore, they consider themselves independent to act in whatever way they like. Their own fancies become their gods and they live like slaves of their wishes and desires. Allaah states in the Quran (what means): "Have you seen he who has taken as his god his [own] desire, and Allaah, knowing (him as such), left him astray, and has set a seal upon his hearing and his heart, and put over his vision a veil? So who will guide him after Allaah? Will you not then remember?" [Quran 45:23]
5- The believer never becomes despondent. He has a firm faith in Allaah Who is The Master of all the treasures of the earth and the heavens, Whose grace and bounty have no limit and Whose power is infinite. This faith imparts to his heart extraordinary consolation, fills it with satisfaction and keeps it filled with hope. Although he may be met with rejection from all sides in this world, faith in and dependence on Allaah never leave him, and on that strength he goes on struggling. Such profound confidence can result from no other belief than belief in Allaah Alone.
Atheists have small hearts; in the sense that they depend on limited abilities; therefore, in times of trouble they are soon overwhelmed by despair and, frequently, they commit suicide.
The testimony of Prof. Joad is also very explicit on this point. He writes about the West: "For the first time in history there is coming to maturity a generation of men and women who have no religion, and feel no need for one. They are content to ignore it. Also they are very unhappy, and the suicide rate is abnormally high." [C. E. M. Joad. The Present and Future of Religion, quoted by Sir Arnold Lunn., And Yet So New, London, 1958, p. 228]
As to the world of Islam, let the views of a non-Muslim historian, not in any way being sympathetic to Islam, be read with profit:
"In this uncompromising monotheism, with its simple and enthusiastic faith in the supreme rule of a transcendent being, lies the chief strength of Islam. Its adherents enjoy a consciousness of contentment and resignation unknown among followers of most creeds." [Suicide Is Rare in Muslim Lands] (Phillip K. Hitti, History of the Arabs, 1951, p.129)
6- This testimony of faith inspires bravery in man. There are two things which make a man cowardly: (a) fear of death and love of safety, and (b) the idea that there is someone else besides Allaah who can take away life, and that man- by adopting certain devices- can ward off death. Belief in 'Laa ilaaha illallaah'' blocks and drives away both these ideas. The first idea goes out of his mind because he knows that his life and his property and everything else really belong to Allaah, and he becomes ready to sacrifice his all for the pleasure of Allaah. He gets rid of the second idea because he knows that no weapon, no man or animal has the power of taking away his life; Allaah alone has the power to do so. A time has been ordained for him, and all the forces of the world combined cannot take away anyone's life before that time.
It is for this reason that no one is braver than the one who has faith in Allaah. Nothing can daunt him: not even the strongest tempest of adversity and the mightiest of armies.
7- The belief in 'Laa ilaaha illallaah' creates an attitude of peace and contentment, purges the mind of jealousy, envy and greed, and keeps away the temptations of resorting to base and unfair means for achieving success. The believer understands that wealth is in Allaah's hands, and He apportions it out as He Wills; that honor, power, reputation and authority - everything - is also subjected to His Will, and He bestows them as He Wills; and that man's duty is only to endeavor and to struggle fairly.
MGT211 Assignment # 1 Solution
1-Original Form of the business was sole proprietorship!!!
2-Partnership
3-sleeping partner
4-active partner
5-he can carryon his job as well as his business!!!
2-Partnership
3-sleeping partner
4-active partner
5-he can carryon his job as well as his business!!!
FIN621 Assignment # 1 Solution
Requirements:
A. You are required to compare the two Trial Balances given above and prepare the adjusted journal entries that cause the changes in account balances.
B. You are also required to include an explanation (narration) as part of each adjusting entry.
Solution:-
Here is Solution of 1st Part of Assignment No. 1, Please explain the entry narration yourself.
Entry No.1
Office supplies expense (Income statement items) 432
Office supplies (Balance sheets items) 432
Entry No. 2
Depreciation Machinery (Income statement items) 132
Accumulated depreciation: Machinery (Balance sheets items) 132
Entry No. 3
Salaries (Income statement items) 660
Salaries payable (Balance sheets items) 660
Entry No. 4
Unearned consulting fee (Balance sheets items) 252
Consulting fee earned (Income statement items) 252
Entry No. 5
Consulting fee receivables (Balance sheets items) 1,020
Consulting fee earned (Income statement items) 1,020
A. You are required to compare the two Trial Balances given above and prepare the adjusted journal entries that cause the changes in account balances.
B. You are also required to include an explanation (narration) as part of each adjusting entry.
Solution:-
Here is Solution of 1st Part of Assignment No. 1, Please explain the entry narration yourself.
Entry No.1
Office supplies expense (Income statement items) 432
Office supplies (Balance sheets items) 432
Entry No. 2
Depreciation Machinery (Income statement items) 132
Accumulated depreciation: Machinery (Balance sheets items) 132
Entry No. 3
Salaries (Income statement items) 660
Salaries payable (Balance sheets items) 660
Entry No. 4
Unearned consulting fee (Balance sheets items) 252
Consulting fee earned (Income statement items) 252
Entry No. 5
Consulting fee receivables (Balance sheets items) 1,020
Consulting fee earned (Income statement items) 1,020
Monday, October 25, 2010
CS507 Assignment # 1 Solution
Question 1: What are the organization, management and technology dimensions of information systems? [3 marks]
Answer:
An information system represents a combination of management, organization, and technology elements. The management dimension of information system involves leadership, strategy, and management behavior. The technology dimension consists of computer hardware, software, data management technology, and networking/telecommunication technology (including the internet). The Organization dimension of information system involves the organization’s hierarchy, functional specialties, business processes, culture, political interest groups.
Question 2: Describe some of the major changes that information systems are bringing to organizations. [3 marks]
Answer:
The flattening of organizations is probably one that students will cite, particularly with the concern over downsizing. The parallel increase in information and in the decision power of line workers (empowerment), and their corresponding increase in work satisfaction, is often missed in media reports of downsizing. The flexibility of organizations in operations, for example, custom manufacturing and in linking customers and suppliers (thus reducing order time) are some of the major changes
Question 3: Describe the two factors that explain why organizations adopt information systems. [4 marks]
Answer:
• Customers now prefer to execute transaction in an electronic environment through online-trading. Also the establishment of customer services centers has also removed the inconvenience to access vendor’s physical locations.
• Due to absence of physical contact, companies are curious to keep a soft touch in an efficient manner. This requires keeping a customer-wise online track of past correspondence and transactions
Answer:
An information system represents a combination of management, organization, and technology elements. The management dimension of information system involves leadership, strategy, and management behavior. The technology dimension consists of computer hardware, software, data management technology, and networking/telecommunication technology (including the internet). The Organization dimension of information system involves the organization’s hierarchy, functional specialties, business processes, culture, political interest groups.
Question 2: Describe some of the major changes that information systems are bringing to organizations. [3 marks]
Answer:
The flattening of organizations is probably one that students will cite, particularly with the concern over downsizing. The parallel increase in information and in the decision power of line workers (empowerment), and their corresponding increase in work satisfaction, is often missed in media reports of downsizing. The flexibility of organizations in operations, for example, custom manufacturing and in linking customers and suppliers (thus reducing order time) are some of the major changes
Question 3: Describe the two factors that explain why organizations adopt information systems. [4 marks]
Answer:
• Customers now prefer to execute transaction in an electronic environment through online-trading. Also the establishment of customer services centers has also removed the inconvenience to access vendor’s physical locations.
• Due to absence of physical contact, companies are curious to keep a soft touch in an efficient manner. This requires keeping a customer-wise online track of past correspondence and transactions
PHY101 Assignment # 1 Solution
Q # 1: Consider a box that is placed on different surfaces. Marks = 10
a) In which situation (s) is there no force acting on the box?
b) In which situation (s) is there a static friction force acting on the box?
c) In which situation (s) is there a kinetic friction force acting on the box?
Various possible situations are as under:
I. The box is at rest on a rough horizontal surface.
II. The box is at rest on a rough tilted surface.
III. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is moving at a constant velocity on a straight, level road and the box remains in the same place in the middle of the truck bed.
IV. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is speeding up on a straight, level road, and box remains in the same place in the middle of the truck bed.
V. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is climbing a hill, and the box is sliding towards the back of the truck.
Q # 2 A spaceship is moving in the vacuum of outer space, far from any planet, when its engine dies. As a result, the spaceship slows down and stops. What does Newton‘s first law say about this event? Marks = 5
Solution:-
In this situation there are no forces acting on the spaceship, so according to Newton’s first law, it will not stop. It continues to move in a straight line with constant speed, some science fiction movies have made use of very accurate science; this was not one of them.
Q # 3: A traffic light of weight W hangs from two light cables; one on each side of the light. Each cable hangs at a 450 angle from the horizontal. What I the tension in each cable? Marks = 5
a) In which situation (s) is there no force acting on the box?
b) In which situation (s) is there a static friction force acting on the box?
c) In which situation (s) is there a kinetic friction force acting on the box?
Various possible situations are as under:
I. The box is at rest on a rough horizontal surface.
II. The box is at rest on a rough tilted surface.
III. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is moving at a constant velocity on a straight, level road and the box remains in the same place in the middle of the truck bed.
IV. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is speeding up on a straight, level road, and box remains in the same place in the middle of the truck bed.
V. The box is on the rough-surfaced flat bed of a truck- the truck is climbing a hill, and the box is sliding towards the back of the truck.
Q # 2 A spaceship is moving in the vacuum of outer space, far from any planet, when its engine dies. As a result, the spaceship slows down and stops. What does Newton‘s first law say about this event? Marks = 5
Solution:-
In this situation there are no forces acting on the spaceship, so according to Newton’s first law, it will not stop. It continues to move in a straight line with constant speed, some science fiction movies have made use of very accurate science; this was not one of them.
Q # 3: A traffic light of weight W hangs from two light cables; one on each side of the light. Each cable hangs at a 450 angle from the horizontal. What I the tension in each cable? Marks = 5
CS101 Assignment # 1 Solution
Differentiate Between Static RAM and Dynamic RAM in Tabular form. ANY TWO Differences
( 2.5 + 2.5 = 5)
SRAM (static RAM). This type of memory maintains data in storage as long as it is powered. Because it is faster and more reliable and expensive than DRAM, SRAM is most often used as cache memory. Earlier forms of SRAM were classified as Async or Sync RAM if they were synchronized with the system clock. The most common type of SRAM today is pipeline burst SRAM, which can operate at higher bus speeds.
DRAM (dynamic RAM). This type of RAM retains its data by being continuously rewritten every few milliseconds. Like SRAM, the data in storage is volatile, meaning it is lost when the system is not powered. DRAM is the most common type of expandable company memory in workstations and servers today, but there are several different types of DRAM.
Another Solution:-
Static RAM (SRAM)
1. 4 times more expensive
2. Very low access time
3. Can store ¼ as much
4. Information stored on RS flip-flops
5. No need for refreshing
Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
1. Low cost
2. Consumes less power
3. Can store 4 times as much
4. Information stored on FET transistors
5. Needs to be refreshed
Another Solution:-
STATIC RAM vs DYNAMIC RAM
Firstly we anxious with static RAM
1)it does not loose signal strength.
2)no refreshing.
3)They made of transistors.
Where as Dynamic RAM
1)looses its signal 1 becomes 0
2)periodic refreshing of memory is needed.
3)These are mostly made of capacitors
( 2.5 + 2.5 = 5)
SRAM (static RAM). This type of memory maintains data in storage as long as it is powered. Because it is faster and more reliable and expensive than DRAM, SRAM is most often used as cache memory. Earlier forms of SRAM were classified as Async or Sync RAM if they were synchronized with the system clock. The most common type of SRAM today is pipeline burst SRAM, which can operate at higher bus speeds.
DRAM (dynamic RAM). This type of RAM retains its data by being continuously rewritten every few milliseconds. Like SRAM, the data in storage is volatile, meaning it is lost when the system is not powered. DRAM is the most common type of expandable company memory in workstations and servers today, but there are several different types of DRAM.
Another Solution:-
Static RAM (SRAM)
1. 4 times more expensive
2. Very low access time
3. Can store ¼ as much
4. Information stored on RS flip-flops
5. No need for refreshing
Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
1. Low cost
2. Consumes less power
3. Can store 4 times as much
4. Information stored on FET transistors
5. Needs to be refreshed
Another Solution:-
STATIC RAM vs DYNAMIC RAM
Firstly we anxious with static RAM
1)it does not loose signal strength.
2)no refreshing.
3)They made of transistors.
Where as Dynamic RAM
1)looses its signal 1 becomes 0
2)periodic refreshing of memory is needed.
3)These are mostly made of capacitors
CS601 Assignment # 1 Solution
Question 1: Compare the telephone network and the Internet. What are the similarities? What are the differences?
Now the telephone industry has raised a new complaint—Internet subscribers are screwing up
telephone networks because the networks weren't designed for Internet connections. Phone
companies just can't get it through their monopoly mindset that when customer demand patterns change, the service has to change. They don't understand that in the new world of competition, the ability to offer the service that customers want will be the difference between success and failure.
The access charge issue
An ISP is something like a long distance phone company, in that it gives subscribers access to a long distance communications network. Both the ISP and the long distance carrier incorporate local phone connections in their overall network. Both pay the local phone company for, in effect, reselling the capacity of the local phone network. But they pay different rates. The ISP pays the same rate as any business that uses the phone network to make local calls. The long distance carrier pays "access charges." Access charges are much higher than local phone rates, as high as five cents per minute.
Access charges originated in the early 1980s as an FCC-sanctioned way for long distance service to subsidize local phone service. In 1987, well before the Internet became popular, the phone companies wanted the FCC to apply access charges to enhanced service packet data networks like Telenet and Tymnet, but Congress objected, and everyone lost interest in the issue. Now, with the rise of Internet telephony, the phone companies are at it again. They want their subsidies.
The current expectation is that the FCC will overhaul access charges in the 1997–'98 time frame. ISPs will have to pay access charges. But the rates will be knocked down from five cents per minute to a few tenths of a cent.
The network design issue
The new argument from the phone companies is that Internet traffic is different from voice traffic, so different that it could crash the phone network.
Wait a minute. Let's take a closer look at this argument. Sure, phone call durations might be longer when I surf the 'Net than when I talk to my mother in Florida, but what are the cost and engineering implications?
By the way, even the phone industry agrees that voice call durations have increased over the years. It used to be that an average phone call would last four minutes; now, the phone industry uses nine minutes as the average holding time.
My local loop and the connection to the local phone switch are dedicated to my phone number, whether I use it or not. The cost is independent of the duration of my calls.
The local switch gives me dialtone, interprets my dial pulses and arranges for a path through the network to be established. But that happens only when the call is dialed. After that, the switch circuitry goes on to set up the next call. Most of the usage of the telephone switch circuitry is independent of call duration.
But the phone industry is right about one element. There is a part of the network that is affected by call duration, the trunking between local switches. This is because the phone network assigns a circuit full time to a connection between switches, even though you might be sending and receiving data packets only sporadically.
But rather than figuring out how these trunks can be shared among multiple Internet connections so they can be used more efficiently, the phone companies are now spreading scare stories about the Internet causing a possible "meltdown" of the phone network.
The monopoly mindset
It's the same old story, but now with the local phone monopolies instead of a single nationwide Ma Bell. "Here's our network and our service; you must tailor your demand so it fits what we have."
Let's look at another part of the Internet, the intercity high-speed data circuits between ISPs. One of the leading suppliers of this service is MCI. MCI took its intercity fiber network, which was installed for voice telephone traffic, and figured out how to use it efficiently for high-speed data.
MCI saw the Internet as an opportunity, not a threat, and modified its network design to satisfy user needs. And the company earned a profit while doing it.
The phone company engineering philosophy has been stability, not agility. But the world is changing. Stability fits quite nicely with a monopoly environment. But "brand loyalty" is on its way out. Have you noticed that in the cable industry? It applies to the phone industry as well.
In the world of competition, companies must change, or die
Now the telephone industry has raised a new complaint—Internet subscribers are screwing up
telephone networks because the networks weren't designed for Internet connections. Phone
companies just can't get it through their monopoly mindset that when customer demand patterns change, the service has to change. They don't understand that in the new world of competition, the ability to offer the service that customers want will be the difference between success and failure.
The access charge issue
An ISP is something like a long distance phone company, in that it gives subscribers access to a long distance communications network. Both the ISP and the long distance carrier incorporate local phone connections in their overall network. Both pay the local phone company for, in effect, reselling the capacity of the local phone network. But they pay different rates. The ISP pays the same rate as any business that uses the phone network to make local calls. The long distance carrier pays "access charges." Access charges are much higher than local phone rates, as high as five cents per minute.
Access charges originated in the early 1980s as an FCC-sanctioned way for long distance service to subsidize local phone service. In 1987, well before the Internet became popular, the phone companies wanted the FCC to apply access charges to enhanced service packet data networks like Telenet and Tymnet, but Congress objected, and everyone lost interest in the issue. Now, with the rise of Internet telephony, the phone companies are at it again. They want their subsidies.
The current expectation is that the FCC will overhaul access charges in the 1997–'98 time frame. ISPs will have to pay access charges. But the rates will be knocked down from five cents per minute to a few tenths of a cent.
The network design issue
The new argument from the phone companies is that Internet traffic is different from voice traffic, so different that it could crash the phone network.
Wait a minute. Let's take a closer look at this argument. Sure, phone call durations might be longer when I surf the 'Net than when I talk to my mother in Florida, but what are the cost and engineering implications?
By the way, even the phone industry agrees that voice call durations have increased over the years. It used to be that an average phone call would last four minutes; now, the phone industry uses nine minutes as the average holding time.
My local loop and the connection to the local phone switch are dedicated to my phone number, whether I use it or not. The cost is independent of the duration of my calls.
The local switch gives me dialtone, interprets my dial pulses and arranges for a path through the network to be established. But that happens only when the call is dialed. After that, the switch circuitry goes on to set up the next call. Most of the usage of the telephone switch circuitry is independent of call duration.
But the phone industry is right about one element. There is a part of the network that is affected by call duration, the trunking between local switches. This is because the phone network assigns a circuit full time to a connection between switches, even though you might be sending and receiving data packets only sporadically.
But rather than figuring out how these trunks can be shared among multiple Internet connections so they can be used more efficiently, the phone companies are now spreading scare stories about the Internet causing a possible "meltdown" of the phone network.
The monopoly mindset
It's the same old story, but now with the local phone monopolies instead of a single nationwide Ma Bell. "Here's our network and our service; you must tailor your demand so it fits what we have."
Let's look at another part of the Internet, the intercity high-speed data circuits between ISPs. One of the leading suppliers of this service is MCI. MCI took its intercity fiber network, which was installed for voice telephone traffic, and figured out how to use it efficiently for high-speed data.
MCI saw the Internet as an opportunity, not a threat, and modified its network design to satisfy user needs. And the company earned a profit while doing it.
The phone company engineering philosophy has been stability, not agility. But the world is changing. Stability fits quite nicely with a monopoly environment. But "brand loyalty" is on its way out. Have you noticed that in the cable industry? It applies to the phone industry as well.
In the world of competition, companies must change, or die
Thursday, October 21, 2010
ENG301 Assignment # 1 Solution
Q1. Kinesics behavior, paralanguage, proximity are some aspects of Non-Verbal
Communication. Discuss all seven aspects of Non-Verbal Communication?
Seven different aspects of Non Verbal Communication:
Theoretical writings and research classify nonverbal communication into seven main
areas:
1. Body movement (kinesics behavior):
Body movement, or kinesics behavior, includes movement of the hands, head, feet and
legs, posture, eye movements and facial expressions – all these affect the message.
Body posture – the way a person stands, leans forward, pointing and shaking a finger at
someone, is seen as trying to dominate the other person. The way this is received by others, and
the type of feedback given, determines how the communication will flow.
2. Physical characteristics:
Physical characteristics such as body shape, general attractiveness, body and breathe
odors, weight, hair and skin color are important parts of nonverbal communication.
Because people react and respond to these factors, they all determine their responses in
interpersonal encounters. First impressions and images of others can be associated unconsciously
with past experiences of people with similar physical characteristics.
3. Touching behavior:
Touching behavior or haptics is putting a hand or other body part in contact with
another. For example pat, hug embrace, stroke. Significant culture and gender differences are
found in touching behavior.
4. Vocal qualities (paralanguage): Paralanguage is that part of language associated with but not
involving the word system. It consists of the voice qualities and vocalizations that affect how
something is said rather than what is said.
Voice qualities include:
• Pitch range
• Pitch control
• Rhythm control
• Tempo
• Articulation control
• Resonance.
5. Space (proximity)
Proximity means nearness, in terms of physical space. How people use their personal
space and that of others communicates a message. This response to spatial relationships in
formal, informal and intimate setting indicates how that person perceives and feels in that space.
People also use their height and weight to convey a message. If you tower over other
people in a way that intrudes on their personal space you may cause their discomfort and
withdrawal.
6. Artifacts
Artifacts are objects used to convey nonverbal messages about self-concept, image,
mood, feeling or style. For example, perfume, clothes, lipstick, glasses and hairpieces project the
style or mood of the wearer. Many artifacts are common to the group but we also use artifacts,
particularly clothing, as an individual form of communication.
Appearance and cloth are important and highly visible parts of nonverbal communication.
Consider the different between the clothes you wear to the beach and the clothes you wear to a
job interview. The choice of clothes reflects your mood and your attitude to the occasion. Other
people note and place their own interpretation on your dress.
Even if you decide you will not bother about personal appearance or clothes, others will
read this message as part of your nonverbal communication.
7. Environment
The environment can influence the outcome of communication. For this reason,
organization gives careful consideration to office space, factory layout, the sales area and
conference venues. The environment should put people at ease and match their expectations; an
unsuitable environment can produce ‘noise’ that causes communication barriers and interferes
with the communication process.
Q2. What makes Rhetorical Theory different from other communication theories?
Explain briefly
Rhetorical theory is the third and most important theory of communication. Rhetorical theory
is based on persuasion. The speaker, who wants to persuade other peoples, will consider the three
proofs.
· Logical
· Emotional
· Ethical
Rhetorical theory is very important than other two social and electronic theories because:
· It has more dimension than other two theories
· It is quick responsive than other two theories.
· It is circular, not linear
· It is more understandable and result achievable.
· Many people accurate their mistakes and can produce the desired result from the
audience.
Communication. Discuss all seven aspects of Non-Verbal Communication?
Seven different aspects of Non Verbal Communication:
Theoretical writings and research classify nonverbal communication into seven main
areas:
1. Body movement (kinesics behavior):
Body movement, or kinesics behavior, includes movement of the hands, head, feet and
legs, posture, eye movements and facial expressions – all these affect the message.
Body posture – the way a person stands, leans forward, pointing and shaking a finger at
someone, is seen as trying to dominate the other person. The way this is received by others, and
the type of feedback given, determines how the communication will flow.
2. Physical characteristics:
Physical characteristics such as body shape, general attractiveness, body and breathe
odors, weight, hair and skin color are important parts of nonverbal communication.
Because people react and respond to these factors, they all determine their responses in
interpersonal encounters. First impressions and images of others can be associated unconsciously
with past experiences of people with similar physical characteristics.
3. Touching behavior:
Touching behavior or haptics is putting a hand or other body part in contact with
another. For example pat, hug embrace, stroke. Significant culture and gender differences are
found in touching behavior.
4. Vocal qualities (paralanguage): Paralanguage is that part of language associated with but not
involving the word system. It consists of the voice qualities and vocalizations that affect how
something is said rather than what is said.
Voice qualities include:
• Pitch range
• Pitch control
• Rhythm control
• Tempo
• Articulation control
• Resonance.
5. Space (proximity)
Proximity means nearness, in terms of physical space. How people use their personal
space and that of others communicates a message. This response to spatial relationships in
formal, informal and intimate setting indicates how that person perceives and feels in that space.
People also use their height and weight to convey a message. If you tower over other
people in a way that intrudes on their personal space you may cause their discomfort and
withdrawal.
6. Artifacts
Artifacts are objects used to convey nonverbal messages about self-concept, image,
mood, feeling or style. For example, perfume, clothes, lipstick, glasses and hairpieces project the
style or mood of the wearer. Many artifacts are common to the group but we also use artifacts,
particularly clothing, as an individual form of communication.
Appearance and cloth are important and highly visible parts of nonverbal communication.
Consider the different between the clothes you wear to the beach and the clothes you wear to a
job interview. The choice of clothes reflects your mood and your attitude to the occasion. Other
people note and place their own interpretation on your dress.
Even if you decide you will not bother about personal appearance or clothes, others will
read this message as part of your nonverbal communication.
7. Environment
The environment can influence the outcome of communication. For this reason,
organization gives careful consideration to office space, factory layout, the sales area and
conference venues. The environment should put people at ease and match their expectations; an
unsuitable environment can produce ‘noise’ that causes communication barriers and interferes
with the communication process.
Q2. What makes Rhetorical Theory different from other communication theories?
Explain briefly
Rhetorical theory is the third and most important theory of communication. Rhetorical theory
is based on persuasion. The speaker, who wants to persuade other peoples, will consider the three
proofs.
· Logical
· Emotional
· Ethical
Rhetorical theory is very important than other two social and electronic theories because:
· It has more dimension than other two theories
· It is quick responsive than other two theories.
· It is circular, not linear
· It is more understandable and result achievable.
· Many people accurate their mistakes and can produce the desired result from the
audience.
ENG201 Assignment # 1 Solution
Business and Technical English (ENG201) Fall 2010
Assignment # 1
Total M arks: 15
Due Date: October 26, 2010
A leading telemarketing company is looking for a dynamic and self-motivated candidate
for the position of CSO (Customer service Officer).Those having graduation degree and
two years experience in the relevant field are eligible to apply. The candidate must
contain a positive work attitude, a pleasant disposition, excellent interpersonal
communication skills and customer service ability to build rapport. Suitable candidates
should send their CVs to P.O Box 1122 before 26th of this month. (Cover letter is
optional.)
(5)
M ake the following statements considerate:
1 . We are delighted to announce that we are opening a new store in Karachi.
2 . We don’ t accept your claim of purchased goods but we have replacement for
other goods.
3 . As our meeting venue is not finalized, we can call you at any other place.
4 . Our manager will be busy in the meeting on Monday, so he cannot meet you this
time.
5 . The flights are cancelled, we are sorry that we will not be able to entertain you
due to air smoke in Europe.
Solution:
Make the following statements considerate:
1. We are delighted to announce that we are opening a new store in Karachi.
• With great pleasure, we inform you we’re offering our services in Karachi by opening a new store. Take advantage of this opportunity for first choice and super saving.
2. We don’t accept your claim of purchased goods but we have replacement for other goods
• We appreciate your desire to claim the purchased goods. Your letter for claim the purchased goods has been received. You are a commendable customer for us. If you find time to visit our store we’ll be happy to inform you that we have a replacement opportunity with other goods but unable to process on your request of claim. Feel welcome to come in any day between 09:00am and 05:00pm. We sincerely want to help you reach your desired goal.
3. As our meeting venue is not finalized, we can call you at any other place.
• Unluckily, our conference is still not schedule. So we may be calling you some other suitable place. We do hope you’ll able to join us.
4. Our manager will be busy in the meeting on Monday, so he cannot meet you this time.
• Unfortunately, on the date of conference. On Monday, May 17, 2010 our manager will be in London for meeting with a firm’s distributors. I made an effort to reschedule the meeting but I was unable to do so. So, I regret he’s not being able to address this important forum and have to miss the conference itself.
5. The flights are cancelled, we are sorry that we will not be able to entertain you due to air smoke in Europe.•
Unhappily, flights are cancelled. We feel sorry to inform you we are unable to entertain due to air smoke in Europe. We want to do the best we can to make you happy. Please, give us the opportunity to restore in future.
Assignment # 1
Total M arks: 15
Due Date: October 26, 2010
A leading telemarketing company is looking for a dynamic and self-motivated candidate
for the position of CSO (Customer service Officer).Those having graduation degree and
two years experience in the relevant field are eligible to apply. The candidate must
contain a positive work attitude, a pleasant disposition, excellent interpersonal
communication skills and customer service ability to build rapport. Suitable candidates
should send their CVs to P.O Box 1122 before 26th of this month. (Cover letter is
optional.)
(5)
M ake the following statements considerate:
1 . We are delighted to announce that we are opening a new store in Karachi.
2 . We don’ t accept your claim of purchased goods but we have replacement for
other goods.
3 . As our meeting venue is not finalized, we can call you at any other place.
4 . Our manager will be busy in the meeting on Monday, so he cannot meet you this
time.
5 . The flights are cancelled, we are sorry that we will not be able to entertain you
due to air smoke in Europe.
Solution:
Make the following statements considerate:
1. We are delighted to announce that we are opening a new store in Karachi.
• With great pleasure, we inform you we’re offering our services in Karachi by opening a new store. Take advantage of this opportunity for first choice and super saving.
2. We don’t accept your claim of purchased goods but we have replacement for other goods
• We appreciate your desire to claim the purchased goods. Your letter for claim the purchased goods has been received. You are a commendable customer for us. If you find time to visit our store we’ll be happy to inform you that we have a replacement opportunity with other goods but unable to process on your request of claim. Feel welcome to come in any day between 09:00am and 05:00pm. We sincerely want to help you reach your desired goal.
3. As our meeting venue is not finalized, we can call you at any other place.
• Unluckily, our conference is still not schedule. So we may be calling you some other suitable place. We do hope you’ll able to join us.
4. Our manager will be busy in the meeting on Monday, so he cannot meet you this time.
• Unfortunately, on the date of conference. On Monday, May 17, 2010 our manager will be in London for meeting with a firm’s distributors. I made an effort to reschedule the meeting but I was unable to do so. So, I regret he’s not being able to address this important forum and have to miss the conference itself.
5. The flights are cancelled, we are sorry that we will not be able to entertain you due to air smoke in Europe.•
Unhappily, flights are cancelled. We feel sorry to inform you we are unable to entertain due to air smoke in Europe. We want to do the best we can to make you happy. Please, give us the opportunity to restore in future.
MBA- Finance Quizzes Schedule Fall 2010
FIN630 - Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management Quiz # 01 15.00 Oct 27, 2010 11:59 PM
7 days left.
FIN623 - Taxation Management Quiz # 01 15.00 Oct 27, 2010 11:59 PM
FIN622 - Corporate Finance Quiz No.1 15.00 Nov 03, 2010 11:59 PM
FIN621 - Financial Statement Analysis Quiz # 01 15.00 Nov 03, 2010 11:59 PM
FIN621 - Financial Statement Analysis Quiz # 02 15.00 Nov 12, 2010 11:59 PM
FIN622 - Corporate Finance Quiz No.2 15.00 Nov 12, 2010 11:59 PM
FIN630 - Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management Quiz # 02 15.00 Nov 24, 2010 11:59 PM
FIN623 - Taxation Management Quiz # 02 15.00 Nov 30, 2010 11:59 PM
7 days left.
FIN623 - Taxation Management Quiz # 01 15.00 Oct 27, 2010 11:59 PM
FIN622 - Corporate Finance Quiz No.1 15.00 Nov 03, 2010 11:59 PM
FIN621 - Financial Statement Analysis Quiz # 01 15.00 Nov 03, 2010 11:59 PM
FIN621 - Financial Statement Analysis Quiz # 02 15.00 Nov 12, 2010 11:59 PM
FIN622 - Corporate Finance Quiz No.2 15.00 Nov 12, 2010 11:59 PM
FIN630 - Investment Analysis & Portfolio Management Quiz # 02 15.00 Nov 24, 2010 11:59 PM
FIN623 - Taxation Management Quiz # 02 15.00 Nov 30, 2010 11:59 PM
Friday, October 15, 2010
What is MDB & GDB?? Carries Marks??
Dear students,
We are still receiving many email from 1st semester students regarding GDB & MDB.
It is to informed you that in your Graded Discussion Board (GDB) VU will announce a topic & you have required to give the answer of that topic/question within due time (2-4 days from announcement). After due date VU announce result and give you marks, these marks included in your CGPA in the end of that course.
On the other hand, Moderated Discussion Board (MDB) is the environment in which you'll ask the questions (in which you are facing problem to understand) to your instructor and after some time your instructor give you answer of that question. Its just a discussion board for all of you and has NO MARKS. In this board you are encourage to ask maximum Questions in which confused.
Best of luck..
We are still receiving many email from 1st semester students regarding GDB & MDB.
It is to informed you that in your Graded Discussion Board (GDB) VU will announce a topic & you have required to give the answer of that topic/question within due time (2-4 days from announcement). After due date VU announce result and give you marks, these marks included in your CGPA in the end of that course.
On the other hand, Moderated Discussion Board (MDB) is the environment in which you'll ask the questions (in which you are facing problem to understand) to your instructor and after some time your instructor give you answer of that question. Its just a discussion board for all of you and has NO MARKS. In this board you are encourage to ask maximum Questions in which confused.
Best of luck..
Monday, October 11, 2010
STYLISH Give Your NAME/TEXT Stylish Look here
Dear students,
This time i m sharing a cool thing with you people.. many times u have seen many people using their names or text in stylish font styles..
well there are so many websites for this but i recently found one which has quite number of styles in same place. so sharing with you people..
following are few styles u can use through this..
Original :Example text
Styles result:
1) эҗลмקℓэ †эҗ†
2) єxαмρlє тєxт
3) єxαмρłє ŧєxŧ
4) ɛxɑɱpʆɛ tɛxt
5) ૯×αʍρℓ૯ Ƭ૯×Ƭ
6) [̲̅є̲̅x̲̅α̲̅м̲̅ρ̲̅l̲̅є̲̅ ̲̅т̲̅є̲̅x̲̅т̲̅]
7) эxΑмplэ ŦэxŦ
8) ǝxɐɯdlǝ ʇǝxʇ
9) €ЖΔΜРŁ€ Ŧ€ЖŦ
10) ⓔⓧⓐⓜⓟⓛⓔ ⓣⓔⓧⓣ
and many moree,........
so guys here is the link:
CLICK TO CHANGE YOUR NAME
(click on SKIP ADD on right top after opening the link)
Enjoyyy
This time i m sharing a cool thing with you people.. many times u have seen many people using their names or text in stylish font styles..
well there are so many websites for this but i recently found one which has quite number of styles in same place. so sharing with you people..
following are few styles u can use through this..
Original :Example text
Styles result:
1) эҗลмקℓэ †эҗ†
2) єxαмρlє тєxт
3) єxαмρłє ŧєxŧ
4) ɛxɑɱpʆɛ tɛxt
5) ૯×αʍρℓ૯ Ƭ૯×Ƭ
6) [̲̅є̲̅x̲̅α̲̅м̲̅ρ̲̅l̲̅є̲̅ ̲̅т̲̅є̲̅x̲̅т̲̅]
7) эxΑмplэ ŦэxŦ
8) ǝxɐɯdlǝ ʇǝxʇ
9) €ЖΔΜРŁ€ Ŧ€ЖŦ
10) ⓔⓧⓐⓜⓟⓛⓔ ⓣⓔⓧⓣ
and many moree,........
so guys here is the link:
CLICK TO CHANGE YOUR NAME
(click on SKIP ADD on right top after opening the link)
Enjoyyy
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